The Age of Artificial Intelligence: Higher Education, Research, and Social Transformation

Al-Emran, Mostafa, Noor Al-Qaysi, Mohammed A. Al-Sharafi, Mana Khoshkam, Behzad Foroughi, and Morteza Ghobakhloo. 2025. “Role of Perceived Threats and Knowledge Management in Shaping Generative AI Use in Education and Its Impact on Social Sustainability.” International Journal of Management Education 23 (1). Elsevier Ltd. doi:10.1016/j.ijme.2024.101105.

Barus, Okky Putra, Achmad Nizar Hidayanto, Eko Yon Handri, Dana Indra Sensuse, and Chairote Yaiprasert. 2025. “Shaping Generative AI Governance in Higher Education: Insights from Student Perception.” International Journal of Educational Research Open 8 (June). Elsevier Ltd. doi:10.1016/j.ijedro.2025.100452.

Batista, João, Anabela Mesquita, and Gonçalo Carnaz. 2024. “Generative AI and Higher Education: Trends, Challenges, and Future Directions from a Systematic Literature Review.” Information (Switzerland). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). doi:10.3390/info15110676.

Belkina, Marina, Scott Daniel, Sasha Nikolic, Rezwanul Haque, Sarah Lyden, Peter Neal, Sarah Grundy, and Ghulam M. Hassan. 2025. “Implementing Generative AI (GenAI) in Higher Education: A Systematic Review of Case Studies.” Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence. Elsevier B.V. doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100407.

European Commission. 2022. “Ethical Guidelines on the Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Data in Teaching and Learning for Educators.” doi:10.2766/153756.

———. 2025. Living Guidelines on the Responsible Use of Generative AI in Research. https://european-research-area.ec.europa.eu/news/living-guidelines-responsible-use-generative-ai-research-published.

OECD. 2023. Artificial Intelligence in Science: Challenges, Opportunities and The Future of Research. OECD Publishing. doi:10.1787/a8d820bd-en.

Pellegrina, Diogo, and Mohamed Helmy. 2025. “AI for Scientific Integrity: Detecting Ethical Breaches, Errors, and Misconduct in Manuscripts.” Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence 8. Frontiers Media SA. doi:10.3389/frai.2025.1644098.

Peña-García, Paz, Mayeli Jaime-de-Aza, and Roberto Feltrero. 2026. “Dialogic Reflection and Algorithmic Bias: Pathways Toward Inclusive AI in Education.” Trends in Higher Education 5 (1). MDPI AG: 9. doi:10.3390/higheredu5010009.

Perkins, Mike, Leon Furze, Jasper Roe, and Jason Macvaugh. 2024. “The Artificial Intelligence Assessment Scale (AIAS): A Framework for Ethical Integration of Generative AI in Educational Assessment.” Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice 21 (6). Open Access Publishing Association. doi:10.53761/q3azde36.

Potes-Barbas, Maria, Andreia Teles, Cassio Santos, and Filipe Madeira. 2026. Responsible Artificial Intelligence in Research Practice. 1st ed. Santarém.

Rughinis, Cosima, Stefania Matei, and Andreas Corcaci. 2025. “Generative Content Analysis for Policy Research: Comparing LLM Reliability in Analyzing Institutional AI Discourse.” In Proceedings - 2025 25th International Conference on Control Systems and Computer Science, CSCS 2025, 596–603. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. doi:10.1109/CSCS66924.2025.00094.

Sánchez-Caballé, Anna, and Cassio Santos. 2025. “Perspectives of Higher Education in Spanish and Portuguese Institutions on Artificial Intelligence: A Content Analysis.” Edutec, Revista Electrónica de Tecnología Educativa, no. 92 (June): 253–69. doi:10.21556/edutec.2025.92.3879.

Santos, Cassio. 2024. “Artificial Intelligence in the Analysis of Educational Research Quantitative Data: Reliability of Data Analyst GPT (ChatGPT) Compared to SPSS and Jamovi.” Nuances: Estudos Sobre Educação 35: e024013. doi:10.32930/nuances.v35i00.10682.

Santos, Cassio, Fernando Viana, and Anna Sánchez-Caballé. 2026. “Artificial Intelligence as a Tool for Providing Automated and Personalised Feedback in Educational Assessment: A Scoping Review.” Ensaio: Avaliação e Politicas Públicas Em Educação 34 (134).

UNESCO. 2023a. “Guidance for Generative AI in Education and Research.” UNESCO. doi:10.54675/EWZM9535.

———. 2023b. “Harnessing the Era of Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education A Primer for Higher Education Stakeholders.” https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000386670.

Zhou, Xue, and Lei Fang. 2025. “From Collaboration to Critique: Engaging With GenAI to Foster Critical Thinking in Business Analytics.” Management Teaching Review. SAGE Publications Inc. doi:10.1177/23792981251389862.